解Android系统的进程间通信原理(二)----RPC机制
理解Android系统中的轻量级解决方案RPC的原理,需要先回顾一下JAVA中的RMI(Remote Method Invocation)这个易于使用的纯JAVA方案(用来实现分布式应用)。有关RMI的相关知识,可以通过下图来归纳:
Android中的RPC也是参考了JAVA中的RMI方案,这里我们再详细了解一下RPC的实现过程。
Android中的RPC机制是为了实现一个进程使用另一个进程中的远程对象,它使用了Android自己的AIDL(接口定义语言),使用户很方便地定义出一个接口作为规范,通过一个远程Service为代理 ,客户端在绑定该远程Service过程中获取远程对象,进而使用该对象。可参考下图所示:
补充:RPC的另一个目的是对客户端只声明接口及方法,隐藏掉具体实现类,供客户端直接获取此接口实例。
实例代码:
实例一:通过Service来远程调用一个接口子类的函数方法
功能描述:在MainActivity中通过绑定MyService服务类,来远程调用MyPlayer(实现了IPlayer接口)的方法过程。需要定义一个IPlayer.aidl文件,ADT工具会自动生成一个IPlayer接口类,然后再由MyPlayer继承IPlayer接口类中的静态内部抽象类,实现接口方法,进而供其它应用程序远程调用。(在本例中为了方便,MainActivity与MyService类同处一个应用程序中,实现运用时,可以不在同一个应用程序中,只要有权限访问MyService服务,就能得到IPlayer接口,进而执行该接口实例方法)
程序清单:IPlayer.aidl
package com.magc.rpc;interface IPlayer{ void setName(String name); void addFile(String f_name); String ToString();}
程序清单:IPlayer.java (ADT根据上面IPlayer.aidl文件自动生成,不能编辑该文件)
/* * This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: F:\\work\\Android_App\\MyRPCService\\src\\com\\magc\\rpc\\IPlayer.aidl */package com.magc.rpc;public interface IPlayer extends android.os.IInterface{/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.magc.rpc.IPlayer{private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.magc.rpc.IPlayer";/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */public Stub(){this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);}/** * Cast an IBinder object into an com.magc.rpc.IPlayer interface, * generating a proxy if needed. */public static com.magc.rpc.IPlayer asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj){if ((obj==null)) {return null;}android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.magc.rpc.IPlayer))) {return ((com.magc.rpc.IPlayer)iin);}return new com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub.Proxy(obj);}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return this;}@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException{switch (code){case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:{reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);return true;}case TRANSACTION_setName:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);java.lang.String _arg0;_arg0 = data.readString();this.setName(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();return true;}case TRANSACTION_addFile:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);java.lang.String _arg0;_arg0 = data.readString();this.addFile(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();return true;}case TRANSACTION_ToString:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);java.lang.String _result = this.ToString();reply.writeNoException();reply.writeString(_result);return true;}}return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);}private static class Proxy implements com.magc.rpc.IPlayer{private android.os.IBinder mRemote;Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote){mRemote = remote;}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return mRemote;}public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor(){return DESCRIPTOR;}public void setName(java.lang.String name) throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);_data.writeString(name);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setName, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}}public void addFile(java.lang.String f_name) throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);_data.writeString(f_name);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addFile, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}}public java.lang.String ToString() throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();java.lang.String _result;try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_ToString, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();_result = _reply.readString();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}return _result;}}static final int TRANSACTION_setName = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);static final int TRANSACTION_addFile = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);static final int TRANSACTION_ToString = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2);}public void setName(java.lang.String name) throws android.os.RemoteException;public void addFile(java.lang.String f_name) throws android.os.RemoteException;public java.lang.String ToString() throws android.os.RemoteException;}
程序清单:MyPlayer.java? (实现IPlayer的静态内部抽象类Stub)
package com.magc.rpc;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.util.Log;import com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub;/** * * @author magc * 实现IPlayer接口类中的静态内部抽象类,即实现IPlayer接口方法 * 将来供其它应用程序远程调用执行方法 */public class MyPlayer extends Stub { private String name=""; @Override public void addFile(String fName) throws RemoteException { System.out.println("add file ..."); } @Override public void setName(String name) throws RemoteException { this.name = name; Log.i("magc", "setName--"+name); } public String ToString() { String str = "MyPlayer--"+name; Log.i("magc", "MyPlayer--"+name); return str; }}
程序清单:MyService.java (一个Service类,供其它程序来远程绑定,返回IPlayer接口)
package com.magc.rpc;import com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.IBinder;/** * * @author magc * 此服务类作为一个代理角色,供其它应用程序绑定,并返回接口实例 * * 可看作是代理模式的应用 */public class MyService extends Service { private Stub player = new MyPlayer(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) { return player; } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); }}
程序清单:MainActivity.java (作为客户端远程调用IPlayer接口方法)
package com.magc.rpc;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.util.Log;/** * * @author magc * 作为一个客户端通过绑定MyService服务,实现远程调用IPlayer接口方法 * */public class MainActivity extends Activity { private String ACTION="com.magc.rpc.action.MYSERVICE"; private IPlayer player; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(ACTION); //绑定MyService服务 bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } /** * 绑定MyService服务后,返回IPlayer接口,进而调用该接口方法 */ @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { Log.i("magc", "bind service ....."); player = IPlayer.Stub.asInterface(service); if(player!=null) { try { player.setName("magc"); player.ToString(); } catch (RemoteException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; }
程序清单:AndroidManifest.xml (注册Activity和Service)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.magc.rpc" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name=".MyService"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.magc.rpc.action.MYSERVICE" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </service> </application></manifest>
上面Android应用程序运行后结果如下所示:
小结:
1、重点理解Android中对AIDL文件的定义,以及理解ADT工具自动生成的接口类IPlayer,特别是它的静态内部类Stub以及Stub的asInterface方法,
2、Service作为一个代理角色,在其它应用程序通过Stub类的asInterface方法在绑定到一个服务时才能实现返回该接口实例,进而对该实例进行相关操作。
待续