经常会在android的framework代码中发现sp<xxx>和wp<xxx>这样的指针,平时看的时候都把他当成一个普通的指针封装过掉了,这几天终于忍不住了,想深入了解一下。
?
相关的代码:
frameworks/base/include/utils/RefBase.h
frameworks/base/libs/utils/RefBase.cpp
?
sp和wp都是一个模板类,看一下sp类的定义:
?
- template?<typename?T>??
- class?sp??
- {??
- public:??
- ????typedef?typename?RefBase::weakref_type?weakref_type;??
- ????inline?sp()?:?m_ptr(0)?{?}??
- ????sp(T*?other);??
- ????sp(const?sp<T>&?other);??
- ????~sp();??
- ????......??
- private:??????
- ????//?Optimization?for?wp::promote().??
- ????sp(T*?p,?weakref_type*?refs);??
- ??????
- ????T*??????????????m_ptr;??
- };??
?
?
可以看到他确实封转了一个原生指针T* m_ptr. 再看一下其中一个构造函数和析构函数:
?
?
- template<typename?T>??
- sp<T>::sp(T*?other)??
- ????:?m_ptr(other)??
- {??
- ????if?(other)?other->incStrong(this);??
- }??
- ??
- template<typename?T>??
- sp<T>::~sp()??
- {??
- ????if?(m_ptr)?m_ptr->decStrong(this);??
- }??
?
?
咋一看好奇怪,因为在构造函数中调用了incStrong(),在析构函数中调用的decStrong(),显然是管理引用计数的函数,但是sp类的中并没有定义这两个函数,这两个函数是在RefBase类中定义的,由此可以得出结论:
要想使用sp<T>或者wp<T>, T必需要继承RefBase类才行。
?
RefBase的静态关系如下:
?
?
?
?其中weakref_type是RefBase的内嵌类,weakref_impl则是weakref_type的子类,RefBase的大部分工作都是交由weakref_impl类来完成,通过RefBase的成员变量weakref_impl* const mRefs。查看其中一个sp的构造函数:
?
?
- template<typename?T>??
- sp<T>::sp(T*?other)??
- ????:?m_ptr(other)??
- {??
- ????if?(other)?other->incStrong(this);??
- }??
?
?
建立sp<xxx>的动态关系如下:
sp<T>
? --> RefBase : incStrong()
? -->weakref_impl : addStrongRef()
? -->android_atomic_inc(&refs->mStrong)
?
可见当一个普通指针变成一个sp指针后,将会由RefBase类维护该指针的引用计数,当引用为零时则自动释放该指针指向的内存:
?
- void?RefBase::decStrong(const?void*?id)?const??
- {??
- ????weakref_impl*?const?refs?=?mRefs;??
- ????refs->removeStrongRef(id);??
- ????const?int32_t?c?=?android_atomic_dec(&refs->mStrong);??
- ????if?(c?==?1)?{??
- ????????const_cast<RefBase*>(this)->onLastStrongRef(id);??
- ????????if?((refs->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK)?!=?OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK)?{??
- ????????????delete?this;????//引用为0,销毁??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ????refs->removeWeakRef(id);??
- ????refs->decWeak(id);??
- }??
?
?
?wp<xxx>是怎么一回事?
wp其实是弱指针的意思,wp<T>类型不能直接对类型T进行操作,要想对T进行某种操作,必需把wp升级为sp指针,使用promote()来实现升级:
??????? wp<T> weakp= new T();
??????? sp<T> t = weakp.promote();
wp可能会在弱引用计数不为0的情况下被销毁,执行如下代码:
?
?
- class?WPTest?:?public?RefBase?{??
- public:??
- ????WPTest(){??
- ????????LOGD("WPTest?constructor");??
- ????}??
- ????virtual?~WPTest()?{??
- ????????LOGD("WPTest?destructor");??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????virtual?void?onFirstRef()?{??
- ????????LOGD("first?weak?ptr?ref?callback");??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????virtual?void?onLastStrongRef(const?void*?id)?{??
- ????????LOGD("last?strong?ptr?ref?callback");??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????virtual?void?onLastWeakRef(const?void*?id)?{??
- ????????LOGD("last?weak?ptr?ref?callback");??
- ????}??
- };??
- ??
- ??
- int?main()??
- {??
- ????WPTest?*T?=?new?WPTest();??
- ????{??
- ????????wp<WPTest>?weakp(T);??
- ??
- ????????{??
- ????????????LOGD("promote?to?strong?ptr.../n");??
- ??
- ????????????sp<WPTest>?strongp?=?weakp.promote();??
- ??
- ????????????LOGD("strong?ptr's?lifetime?is?just?about?to?finish?.../n");??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????????LOGD("weak?ptr's?lifetime?is?just?about?to?finish?.../n");??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????LOGD("weak?ptr?is?out?of?scope./n");??
- ??
- ????return?0;??
- }??
?
程序打印的结果是:
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): WPTest constructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): promote to strong ptr...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): first weak ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): strong ptr's lifetime is just about to finish ...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): last strong ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): WPTest destructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): weak ptr's lifetime is just about to finish ...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): weak ptr is out of scope.
由此可见虽然wp<WPTest >的生命周期还没有结束,但是因为升级为sp<WPTest >后,sp<WPTest >的强引用计数为0,导致WPTest 被销毁,当强引用为0而弱引用不为0时,WPTest 销毁时,基类RefBase的mRefs指向的weakref_impl类并没有释放,从而保证了弱引用可以继续起作用,这点可以从RefBase的析构函数中看出来:
?
- RefBase::~RefBase()??
- {??
- //????LOGV("Destroying?RefBase?%p?(refs?%p)/n",?this,?mRefs);??
- ????if?(mRefs->mWeak?==?0)?{??
- //????????LOGV("Freeing?refs?%p?of?old?RefBase?%p/n",?mRefs,?this);??
- ????????delete?mRefs;??
- ????}??
- }??
?
?
不过也可以改变这一行为,我们修改一下WPTest的构造函数:
?
- WPTest(){??
- ????????LOGD("WPTest?constructor");??
- ????????extendObjectLifetime(OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK);??
- ????}??
?
?
这时的打印结果是:
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): WPTest constructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): promote to strong ptr...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): first weak ptr ref callbac
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): strong ptr's lifetime is j
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): last strong ptr ref callba
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): weak ptr's lifetime is j
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): last weak ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): WPTest destructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): weak ptr is out of scope.
?
可以看出现在只有当强引用和弱引用的计数都为0时,WPTest对象才会被销毁。