概述:每个Android应用程序都运行在一个dalvik虚拟机进程中,进程开始的时候会启动一个主线程(MainThread),主线程负责处理和ui相关的事件,因此主线程通常又叫UI线程。而由于Android采用UI单线程模型,所以只能在主线程中对UI元素进行操作。如果在非UI线程直接对UI进行了操作,则会报错:
CalledFromWrongThreadException:only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views
。Android为我们提供了消息循环的机制,我们可以利用这个机制来实现线程间的通信。那么,我们就可以在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程,最终让Ui线程来进行ui的操作。
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对于运算量较大的操作和IO操作,我们需要新开线程来处理这些繁重的工作,以免阻塞ui线程。
例子:下面我们以获取CSDN logo的例子,演示如何使用Thread+Handler的方式实现在非UI线程发送消息通知UI线程更新界面。
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ThradHandlerActivity.java:
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- public?class?ThreadHandlerActivity?extends?Activity?{??
- ????/**?Called?when?the?activity?is?first?created.?*/??
- ??????
- ????private?static?final?int?MSG_SUCCESS?=?0;//获取图片成功的标识??
- ????private?static?final?int?MSG_FAILURE?=?1;//获取图片失败的标识??
- ??????
- ????private?ImageView?mImageView;??
- ????private?Button?mButton;??
- ??????
- ????private?Thread?mThread;??
- ??????
- ????private?Handler?mHandler?=?new?Handler()?{??
- ????????public?void?handleMessage?(Message?msg)?{//此方法在ui线程运行??
- ????????????switch(msg.what)?{??
- ????????????case?MSG_SUCCESS:??
- ????????????????mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)?msg.obj);//imageview显示从网络获取到的logo??
- ????????????????Toast.makeText(getApplication(),?getApplication().getString(R.string.get_pic_success),?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????????????????break;??
- ??
- ????????????case?MSG_FAILURE:??
- ????????????????Toast.makeText(getApplication(),?getApplication().getString(R.string.get_pic_failure),?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????????????????break;??
- ????????????}??
- ????????}??
- ????};??
- ??????
- ????@Override??
- ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.main);??
- ????????mImageView=?(ImageView)?findViewById(R.id.imageView);//显示图片的ImageView??
- ????????mButton?=?(Button)?findViewById(R.id.button);??
- ????????mButton.setOnClickListener(new?OnClickListener()?{??
- ??????????????
- ????????????@Override??
- ????????????public?void?onClick(View?v)?{??
- ????????????????if(mThread?==?null)?{??
- ????????????????????mThread?=?new?Thread(runnable);??
- ????????????????????mThread.start();//线程启动??
- ????????????????}??
- ????????????????else?{??
- ????????????????????Toast.makeText(getApplication(),?getApplication().getString(R.string.thread_started),?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();??
- ????????????????}??
- ????????????}??
- ????????});??
- ????}??
- ??????
- ????Runnable?runnable?=?new?Runnable()?{??
- ??????????
- ????????@Override??
- ????????public?void?run()?{//run()在新的线程中运行??
- ????????????HttpClient?hc?=?new?DefaultHttpClient();??
- ????????????HttpGet?hg?=?new?HttpGet("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");//获取csdn的logo??
- ????????????final?Bitmap?bm;??
- ????????????try?{??
- ????????????????HttpResponse?hr?=?hc.execute(hg);??
- ????????????????bm?=?BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());??
- ????????????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{??
- ????????????????mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FAILURE).sendToTarget();//获取图片失败??
- ????????????????return;??
- ????????????}??
- ????????????mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SUCCESS,bm).sendToTarget();//获取图片成功,向ui线程发送MSG_SUCCESS标识和bitmap对象??
- ??
- //??????????mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);?//出错!不能在非ui线程操作ui元素??
- ??
- //??????????mImageView.post(new?Runnable()?{//另外一种更简洁的发送消息给ui线程的方法。??
- //????????????????
- [email protected]??
- //??????????????public?void?run()?{//run()方法会在ui线程执行??
- //??????????????????mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);??
- //??????????????}??
- //??????????});??
- ????????}??
- ????};??
- ??????
- }??
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main.xml布局文件:
- <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
- <LinearLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ????android:orientation="vertical"?android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
- ????android:layout_height="fill_parent">??
- ????<Button?android:id="@+id/button"?android:text="@string/button_name"?android:layout_width="wrap_content"?android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>??
- ????<ImageView?android:id="@+id/imageView"?android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"?/>??
- </LinearLayout>??
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strings.xml
- <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
- <LinearLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ????android:orientation="vertical"?android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
- ????android:layout_height="fill_parent">??
- ????<Button?android:id="@+id/button"?android:text="@string/button_name"?android:layout_width="wrap_content"?android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>??
- ????<ImageView?android:id="@+id/imageView"?android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"?/>??
- </LinearLayout>??
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Manifest.xml:
- <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
- <manifest?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ??????package="com.zhuozhuo"??
- ??????android:versionCode="1"??
- ??????android:versionName="1.0">??
- ????<uses-sdk?android:minSdkVersion="9"?/>??
- ????<uses-permission?android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission><!--不要忘记设置网络访问权限-->??
- ??
- ????<application?android:icon="@drawable/icon"?android:label="@string/app_name">??
- ????????<activity?android:name=".ThreadHandlerActivity"??
- ??????????????????android:label="@string/app_name">??
- ????????????<intent-filter>??
- ????????????????<action?android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"?/>??
- ????????????????<category?android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"?/>??
- ????????????</intent-filter>??
- ????????</activity>??
- ??
- ????</application>??
- </manifest>??
运行结果:
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为了不阻塞ui线程,我们使用mThread从网络获取了CSDN的LOGO
,并用bitmap对象存储了这个Logo的像素信息。
此时,如果在这个线程的run()方法中调用
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- mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm)??
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会出现:CalledFromWrongThreadException:only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views。原因是run()方法是在新开的线程中执行的,我们上面提到不能直接在非ui线程中操作ui元素。
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非UI线程发送消息到UI线程分为两个步骤
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一、发送消息到UI线程的消息队列
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通过使用Handler的
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- Message?obtainMessage(int?what,Object?object)??
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构造一个Message对象,这个对象存储了是否成功获取图片的标识what和bitmap对象,然后通过message.sendToTarget()方法把这条message放到消息队列中去。
二、处理发送到UI线程的消息
在ui线程中,我们覆盖了handler的?
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- public?void?handleMessage?(Message?msg)???
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这个方法是处理分发给ui线程的消息,判断msg.what的值可以知道mThread是否成功获取图片,如果图片成功获取,那么可以通过msg.obj获取到这个对象。最后,我们通过
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- mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)?msg.obj);??
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设置ImageView的bitmap对象,完成UI的更新。补充:
事实上,我们还可以调用
View的post方法来更新ui
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- mImageView.post(new?Runnable()?{//另外一种更简洁的发送消息给ui线程的方法。??
- ??????????????????
- ????????????????@Override??
- ????????????????public?void?run()?{//run()方法会在ui线程执行??
- ????????????????????mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);??
- ????????????????}??
- ????????????});??
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这种方法会把Runnable对象发送到消息队列,ui线程接收到消息后会执行这个runnable对象。?
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从例子中我们可以看到handler既有发送消息和处理消息的作用,会误以为handler实现了消息循环和消息分发,其实Android为了让我们的代码看起来更加简洁,与UI线程的交互只需要使用在UI线程创建的handler对象就可以了。如需深入学习,了解消息循环机制的具体实现,请关注《Android异步处理三:Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解》
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第一次写博客,欢迎批评指正。
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工程打包下载:http://www.androidtwitters.com/blog/threadhandler.rar
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本博文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/mylzc/article/details/6736988?转载请注明出处
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