本文译自:http://developer.android.com/training/basics/fragments/communicating.html
为了重用Fragment的UI组件,你创建的每个Fragment都应该是自包含的、有它自己的布局和行为的模块化组件。一旦你定义了这些可重用的Fragment,你就可以把它们跟一个Activity关联,并把它们跟应用程序的逻辑相连来实现全部的组合式UI。
你会经常想要一个Fragment跟另一个Fragment进行通信,例如,要基于一个用户事件来改变内容。所有的Fragment间的通信都是通过跟关联的Activity来完成的。另个Fragment不应该直接通信。
定义接口
为了让Fragment跟它的Activity通信,你可以在Fragment类中定义一个接口,并在它所属的Activity中实现该接口。Fragment在它的onAttach()方法执行期间捕获该接口的实现,然后就可以调用接口方法,以便跟Activity通信。
以下是Fragment跟Activity通信的示例:
public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {
OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;
// Container Activity must implement this interface
public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
public void onArticleSelected(int position);
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
// This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
// the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception
try {
mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
+ " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
}
}
...
}
现在,这个Fragment就可以通过调用OnHealdlineSelectedListener接口示例mCallback的onArticleSelected()方法(或其他的接口中的方法)给Activity发送消息。
例如,在Fragment中的下列方法会用户点击列表项时被调用。该Fragment使用回调接口把该事件发送给它的父Activity。
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// Send the event to the host activity
mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);
}
实现接口
为了从Fragment中接收事件回调,它的父Activity必须实现Fragment类中定义的接口。
例如,下面Activity实现了上面示例中定义的接口:
public static class MainActivity extends Activity
implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
...
public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
// The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
// Do something here to display that article
}
}
把消息发送给一个Fragment
通过使用findFragmentById()方法捕获Fragment实例,父Activity可以把消息发送给该Fragment,然后直接调用该Fragment的公共方法。
例如,假设上面显示的那个Activity包含了另外的用于显示上面回调方法中返回的特定项目数据的Fragment。这种情况下,该Activity可以把回调方法中接收到信息传递给显示该项目的Fragment:
publicstaticclassMainActivityextendsActivity
implementsHeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
...
publicvoid onArticleSelected(int position){
// The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
// Do something here to display that article
ArticleFragment articleFrag =(ArticleFragment)
getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);
if(articleFrag !=null){
// If article frag is available, we're in two-pane layout...
// Call a method in the ArticleFragment to update its content
articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);
}else{
// Otherwise, we're in the one-pane layout and must swap frags...
// Create fragment and give it an argument for the selected article
ArticleFragment newFragment =newArticleFragment();
Bundle args =newBundle();
args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
newFragment.setArguments(args);
FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
// Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
// and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
// Commit the transaction
transaction.commit();
}
}
}