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本文希望通过对androidsensor系统的介绍,使大家在了解android sensor系统架构的同时,会对大家阅读和分析其他同类型代码框架有所帮助。
1:概览
首先看下应用层如何获取sensor数据
public class SensorActivity extends Activity, implements SensorEventListener { private final SensorManager mSensorManager; private final Sensor mAccelerometer; public SensorActivity() { //获取对应服务 mSensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE); //获取指定sensor对象 mAccelerometer = mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER); } protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); //注册listener用于数据回调 mSensorManager.registerListener(this, mAccelerometer, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL); } protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); mSensorManager.unregisterListener(this); } public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) { } public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) { } } |
从代码上看,应用首先要使用sensor service名来获取SensorManager对象实例,然后调用其成员函数registerListener并传入listener来得到回调数据。
Sensor service在后台和driver交互获取数据,各个应用连上service获取想要的sensor数据,从如上代码看,没有任何和service交互的代码,这一切都被封装到SensorManager里了。
2:Sensor service
Android轻量级的系统服务,一般都会运行于systemserver内,sensor service够轻量,当然不能例外。
System server起来时,会创建sensorserivice:
//frameworks/base/cmds/system_server/library/system_init.cpp extern "C" status_t system_init() { LOGI("Entered system_init()");
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); LOGI("ServiceManager: %p\n", sm.get());
sp<GrimReaper> grim = new GrimReaper(); sm->asBinder()->linkToDeath(grim, grim.get(), 0);
char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; property_get("system_init.startsurfaceflinger", propBuf, "1"); if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) { // Start the SurfaceFlinger SurfaceFlinger::instantiate(); } // Start the sensor service SensorService::instantiate(); ….. } |
通过调用SensorService的静态成员函数instantiate()来初始化并创建sensor service,在详细介绍这个函数的内部行为之前,先来看下SensorService类的声明。
//frameworks/base/services/sensorservice/Sensorservice.h class SensorService : public BinderService<SensorService>, public BnSensorServer, protected Thread { friend class BinderService<SensorService>; static const nsecs_t MINIMUM_EVENTS_PERIOD = 1000000; // 1000 Hz SensorService(); virtual ~SensorService(); virtual void onFirstRef(); // Thread interface virtual bool threadLoop(); // ISensorServer interface virtual Vector<Sensor> getSensorList(); virtual sp<ISensorEventConnection> createSensorEventConnection(); virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args); class SensorEventConnection : public BnSensorEventConnection { virtual ~SensorEventConnection(); virtual void onFirstRef(); virtual sp<SensorChannel> getSensorChannel() const; virtual status_t enableDisable(int handle, bool enabled); virtual status_t setEventRate(int handle, nsecs_t ns); sp<SensorService> const mService; sp<SensorChannel> const mChannel; mutable Mutex mConnectionLock; // protected by SensorService::mLock SortedVector<int> mSensorInfo; public: SensorEventConnection(const sp<SensorService>& service); status_t sendEvents(sensors_event_t const* buffer, size_t count, sensors_event_t* scratch = NULL); bool hasSensor(int32_t handle) const; bool hasAnySensor() const; bool addSensor(int32_t handle); bool removeSensor(int32_t handle); }; class SensorRecord { SortedVector< wp<SensorEventConnection> > mConnections; public: SensorRecord(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection); bool addConnection(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection); bool removeConnection(const wp<SensorEventConnection>& connection); size_t getNumConnections() const { return mConnections.size(); } }; SortedVector< wp<SensorEventConnection> > getActiveConnections() const; DefaultKeyedVector<int, SensorInterface*> getActiveVirtualSensors() const; String8 getSensorName(int handle) const; void recordLastValue(sensors_event_t const * buffer, size_t count); static void sortEventBuffer(sensors_event_t* buffer, size_t count); void registerSensor(SensorInterface* sensor); void registerVirtualSensor(SensorInterface* sensor); // constants Vector<Sensor> mSensorList; DefaultKeyedVector<int, SensorInterface*> mSensorMap; Vector<SensorInterface *> mVirtualSensorList; Permission mDump; status_t mInitCheck; // protected by mLock mutable Mutex mLock; DefaultKeyedVector<int, SensorRecord*> mActiveSensors; DefaultKeyedVector<int, SensorInterface*> mActiveVirtualSensors; SortedVector< wp<SensorEventConnection> > mActiveConnections; // The size of this vector is constant, only the items are mutable KeyedVector<int32_t, sensors_event_t> mLastEventSeen; public: static char const* getServiceName() { return "sensorservice"; } void cleanupConnection(SensorEventConnection* connection); status_t enable(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection, int handle); status_t disable(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection, int handle); status_t setEventRate(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection, int handle, nsecs_t ns); }; |
这个类里面声明了很多函数和变量,我们如何区分哪些是框架性接口函数,哪些是功能辅助性的呢?很简单,看父类就知道了。
class SensorService : public BinderService<SensorService>, public BnSensorServer, protected Thread |
SensorService多重继承自如上三个类,下面简单介绍下:
BinderService<SensorService>: 模板类,主要功能是提供一些静态函数创建service对象实例,并加到service manager,主要函数有instantiate()等。 Thread: 线程辅助类,调用run创建并启动线程,然后在线程主函数内会回调threadloop函数,所以我们在使用这个它时,最简单得做法是派生自它,然后重写threadloop即可。 BnSensorServer: 这个类派生自ISensorServer,ISensorServer则声明了sensor server和client之间RPC通信接口,具体如下: class ISensorServer : public IInterface { public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(SensorServer);
virtual Vector<Sensor> getSensorList() = 0; virtual sp<ISensorEventConnection> createSensorEventConnection() = 0; }; |
了解了三个父类的功能后,可以推出SensorService的核心功能如下:
1:SensorService:: instantiate()初始化sensorservice并创建线程
2:threadloop在线程启动后,从驱动获取sensor原始数据并通过RPC机制让sensor client获取。
3:BnSensorServer的成员函数负责让sensor client获取sensor信息和创建connection
接下去我们就从这几个函数着手进行详细分析!
先看SensorService:: instantiate():
//frameworks/base/include/binder/BinderService.h template<typename SERVICE> class BinderService { public: static status_t publish() { sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager()); return sm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE()); } static void publishAndJoinThreadPool() { sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self()); sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager()); sm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE()); ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(); } static void instantiate() { publish(); } static status_t shutdown() { return NO_ERROR; } |
BinderService是模板类,通过代码可以看到,instantiate直接调用了publish函数,publish函数先获取service manager,然后new了一个SensorService对象,接着调用addService并将sensor service name和新创建sensorservice对象传入。
可能有人会问,调用addService的目的是什么?我们不是通过newSensorService创建sensor后台服务了吗?是的,服务的确已经启动了,但是服务的目的是什么?是供他人使用,你要让他人使用你,前提是得让别人找到你,所以我觉得addService的主要功能有两点:
1:将sensor service信息传入binderkernel,然后binder kernel生成对应于sensor service的handle,并维护之。
2:service manager得到并维护对应servicename和handle供其他应用获取。
举例来说,这就好比你建立了一台设备,你要让别人连接你这台设备,你需要让你的设备与宽带服务器建立拨号连接,然后宽带服务器给你分配ip,别人拿到ip,就能与你建立通信链接了,但是ip太难记了,所以就有了域名
把例子中描述的和android机制对应下,设备对应sensor service,binder kernel对应宽带服务器,ip对应handle,service name对应域名,那service manager对应什么?当然是域名解析服务了。
所以现在就很明了了,客户端要与对应的服务建立通信,只需要通过服务名拿到对应的handle,然后用这个handle组建对应的proxy binder对象即可。
那从代码中呢,如何区分代码是用于创建本地服务还是创建远程代理呢?很简单,看类命名就可以了,以Sensor service举例,本地服务类为BnSensorServer,代理类则为BpSensorServer,开到类的开头没,Bn以为native binder,Bp则是proxy binder。
Android RPC通信那块就简单介绍到这里,继续往下看。
服务创建时,new了一个SensorService对象实例,那接下去代码肯定走SensorService的构造函数:
//frameworks/base/services/sensorservice/SensorService.cpp SensorService::SensorService() : Thread(false), mDump("android.permission.DUMP"), mInitCheck(NO_INIT){ } |
看到了,构造函数相当于啥也没做,既然sensorservice对象传给了ServiceManager::AddService,我们来看看AddService的函数声明
virtual status_t addService( const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service); |
第二个参数是sp强引用对象,而非单纯的sensor service指针,在第一次构建sp强引用对象时,会调用onFirstRef():
void SensorService::onFirstRef() { LOGD("nuSensorService starting..."); SensorDevice& dev(SensorDevice::getInstance()); if (dev.initCheck() == NO_ERROR) { uint32_t virtualSensorsNeeds = (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY) | (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION) | (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR); sensor_t const* list; int count = dev.getSensorList(&list); mLastEventSeen.setCapacity(count); for (int i=0 ; i<count ; i++) { registerSensor( new HardwareSensor(list[i]) ); switch (list[i].type) { case SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY: case SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION: case SENSOR_TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR: virtualSensorsNeeds &= ~(1<<list[i].type); break; } }
if (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY)) { registerVirtualSensor( new GravitySensor(list, count) ); } if (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION)) { registerVirtualSensor( new LinearAccelerationSensor(list, count) ); } if (virtualSensorsNeeds & (1<<SENSOR_TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR)) { registerVirtualSensor( new RotationVectorSensor(list, count) ); }
run("SensorService", PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY); mInitCheck = NO_ERROR; } } |
这个函数先通过SensorDevice:: getInstance获取SensorDevice对象实例,所以我们接着看SensorDevice的构造函数:
SensorDevice::SensorDevice() : mSensorDevice(0), mSensorModule(0) { status_t err = hw_get_module(SENSORS_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, (hw_module_t const**)&mSensorModule); LOGE_IF(err, "couldn't load %s module (%s)", SENSORS_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, strerror(-err)); if (mSensorModule) { err = sensors_open(&mSensorModule->common, &mSensorDevice); LOGE_IF(err, "couldn't open device for module %s (%s)", SENSORS_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, strerror(-err)); if (mSensorDevice) { sensor_t const* list; ssize_t count = mSensorModule->get_sensors_list(mSensorModule, &list); mActivationCount.setCapacity(count); Info model; for (size_t i=0 ; i<size_t(count) ; i++) { mActivationCount.add(list[i].handle, model); //初始将所有sensor设置为未激活状态 mSensorDevice->activate(mSensorDevice, list[i].handle, 0); } } } } |
通过构造函数可以看出,SensorDevice封装了对SensorHAL层代码的调用,主要包含获取sensor list,poll sensor数据和是否激活指定sensor等,这里就不详细描述。
继续从SensorService::onFirstRef往下走,在得到SensorDevice对象实例后,通过调用dev.getSensorList(&list)获取sensor list,然后调用registersensor将所有sensor加到SensorService的成员变量mSensorList中。
接下去调用run启动线程:
run("SensorService", PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY); |
线程启动后,threadloop会被回调
bool SensorService::threadLoop() { LOGD("nuSensorService thread starting...");
const size_t numEventMax = 16 * (1 + mVirtualSensorList.size()); sensors_event_t buffer[numEventMax]; sensors_event_t scratch[numEventMax]; SensorDevice& device(SensorDevice::getInstance()); const size_t vcount = mVirtualSensorList.size();
ssize_t count; do { //从设备获取已经激活sensor的数据,如果无一sensor被激活,该动作将会被 //阻塞 count = device.poll(buffer, numEventMax); if (count<0) { LOGE("sensor poll failed (%s)", strerror(-count)); break; } //获取最新的数据 recordLastValue(buffer, count);
// handle virtual sensors if (count && vcount) { const DefaultKeyedVector<int, SensorInterface*> virtualSensors( getActiveVirtualSensors()); const size_t activeVirtualSensorCount = virtualSensors.size(); if (activeVirtualSensorCount) { size_t k = 0; for (size_t i=0 ; i<size_t(count) ; i++) { sensors_event_t const * const event = buffer; for (size_t j=0 ; j<activeVirtualSensorCount ; j++) { sensors_event_t out; if (virtualSensors.valueAt(j)->process(&out, event[i])) { buffer[count + k] = out; k++; } } } if (k) { // record the last synthesized values recordLastValue(&buffer[count], k); count += k; // sort the buffer by time-stamps sortEventBuffer(buffer, count); } } }
// 得到已有的client连接 const SortedVector< wp<SensorEventConnection> > activeConnections( getActiveConnections()); size_t numConnections = activeConnections.size(); for (size_t i=0 ; i<numConnections ; i++) { sp<SensorEventConnection> connection( activeConnections[i].promote()); if (connection != 0) { //将sensor数据发往client端 connection->sendEvents(buffer, count, scratch); } } } while (count >= 0 || Thread::exitPending());
LOGW("Exiting SensorService::threadLoop!"); return false; } |
Threadloop主要通过调用sensor HAL函数获取已激活sensor的数据,然后将获取到的数据发往已经建立的connection。
Connection是如何建立的?我们之前描述的三个父类的功能中已经有过描述,ISensorServer定义了client和sensor service的RPC通信接口,client端在得到sensor service代理对象后,通过调用createSensorEventConnection与sensorservice建立connection,先看service端的实现代码:
sp<ISensorEventConnection> SensorService::createSensorEventConnection() { sp<SensorEventConnection> result(new SensorEventConnection(this)); return result; } |
Service端仅仅创建了SensorEventConnection对象实例,然后将这个对象实例传给client端,这里有两个疑问:
1:将实例对象传给client,那是否SensorEventConnection实例也是个RPC服务?
2:sensor service不是保存了active connections,这里也没做保存操作,那在哪里保存?唯一的线索就是构造SensorEventConnection传入的this指针了。
先看第一个疑问,SensorEventConnection是不是RPC服务,看其构造函数先
class SensorEventConnection : public BnSensorEventConnection |
看到没?父类是Bn开头的,说明其是native binder,的确是RPC服务,由于这个服务是私底下咱哥俩偷摸用的,所以就无需加入servicemanager了。
那这个connection是怎么加入sensorservice的action connections的,由于是RPC服务,所以这块动作应该是由client驱动的。
先看ISensorEventConnection
class ISensorEventConnection : public IInterface { public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(SensorEventConnection); virtual sp<SensorChannel> getSensorChannel() const = 0; virtual status_t enableDisable(int handle, bool enabled) = 0; virtual status_t setEventRate(int handle, nsecs_t ns) = 0; }; |
共三个接口函数,setEventRate这个应该是设置sensor 数据上报频率的,跟active connection应该没啥关系;getSensorChannel是干嘛用的?等会介绍,但是看名字,也不像!剩下就是enableDisable这个函数了
status_t SensorService::SensorEventConnection::enableDisable( int handle, bool enabled) { status_t err; if (enabled) { err = mService->enable(this, handle); } else { err = mService->disable(this, handle); } return err; } |
如果是enable,调用sensor service的enable函数
status_t SensorService::enable(const sp<SensorEventConnection>& connection, int handle) { if (mInitCheck != NO_ERROR) return mInitCheck;
Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock); SensorInterface* sensor = mSensorMap.valueFor(handle); //将对应sensor激活 status_t err = sensor ? sensor->activate(connection.get(), true) : status_t(BAD_VALUE); if (err == NO_ERROR) { SensorRecord* rec = mActiveSensors.valueFor(handle); if (rec == 0) { rec = new SensorRecord(connection); mActiveSensors.add(handle, rec); if (sensor->isVirtual()) { mActiveVirtualSensors.add(handle, sensor); } } else { if (rec->addConnection(connection)) { // this sensor is already activated, but we are adding a // connection that uses it. Immediately send down the last // known value of the requested sensor. sensors_event_t scratch; sensors_event_t& event(mLastEventSeen.editValueFor(handle)); if (event.version == sizeof(sensors_event_t)) { connection->sendEvents(&event, 1); } } } if (err == NO_ERROR) { // connection now active //将connection加入active connection中 if (connection->addSensor(handle)) { // the sensor was added (which means it wasn't already there) // so, see if this connection becomes active if (mActiveConnections.indexOf(connection) < 0) { mActiveConnections.add(connection); } } } } return err; } |
在这个函数中,激活对应sensor,然后将当前connection加入active connection
到这里,知道了如何创建connection和activeconnection后,还有一个问题就是,sensor数据发送的?大家可能会说,不是通过调用SensorEventConnection ::sendEvents来实现的吗?但是回过头看下ISensorEventConnection的三个函数声明,没有sendEvents这个函数,也就说sendEvents只是一个供sensorservice端用的public函数而已。
status_t SensorService::SensorEventConnection::sendEvents( sensors_event_t const* buffer, size_t numEvents, sensors_event_t* scratch) { //。。。。 ssize_t size = mChannel->write(scratch, count*sizeof(sensors_event_t)); if (size == -EAGAIN) { // the destination doesn't accept events anymore, it's probably // full. For now, we just drop the events on the floor. LOGW("dropping %d events on the floor", count); return size; }
LOGE_IF(size<0, "dropping %d events on the floor (%s)", count, strerror(-size));
return size < 0 ? status_t(size) : status_t(NO_ERROR); } |
SensorEvent调用SensorChannel的wirte函数发送sensor数据,mChannel是在SensorEventConnection函数中初始化的。
ssize_t SensorChannel::write(void const* vaddr, size_t size) { ssize_t len = ::write(mSendFd, vaddr, size); if (len < 0) return -errno; return len; } |
从这个函数中看到,sensorservice和client端的sensor数据不是通过RPC机制传递的,看下SensorChannel的构造函数
SensorChannel::SensorChannel() : mSendFd(-1), mReceiveFd(-1) { int fds[2]; if (pipe(fds) == 0) { mReceiveFd = fds[0]; mSendFd = fds[1]; fcntl(mReceiveFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); fcntl(mSendFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); } } |
明白了,进程间数据共享是通过管道来实现的,现在知道ISensorEventConnection:: getSensorChannel的作用了,用于传递Receive FD给client的
status_t SensorChannel::writeToParcel(Parcel* reply) const { if (mReceiveFd < 0) return -EINVAL;
status_t result = reply->writeDupFileDescriptor(mReceiveFd); close(mReceiveFd); mReceiveFd = -1; return result; } |
Client端拿到received FD后,就可以读取sensor数据啦。至此,服务端已经说完了,接下去是客户端部分的讲解。
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