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概述
本篇博客是对developer.android.com/上的Training课程的简单翻译，若是觉得翻译出来的理解有困难，请点击下方链接查看原文！
关于DrawerLayout的Training：http://developer.android.com/training/implementing-navigation/nav-drawer.html
关于DrawerLayout的API：http://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/widget/DrawerLayout.html
创建抽屉布局
创建一个抽屉布局必须得以DrawerLayout作为XML文件的根节点，记住，DrawerLayout引用的是android.support.v4.DrawerLayout，然后在布局内部添加内容视图区域和一个或者两个抽屉视图区域，这里理解抽屉视图即为上面描述的菜单视图。例如下面一段布局中显示，在布局中添加一个FrameLayout作为内容区域（通常用来呈现Fragment），另外在下面定义了一个listView用来呈现抽屉菜单视图：
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/drawer_layout" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <!-- The main content view --> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/content_frame" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> <!-- The navigation drawer --> <ListView android:id="@+id/left_drawer" android:layout_width="240dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_gravity="start" android:choiceMode="singleChoice" android:divider="@android:color/transparent" android:dividerHeight="0dp" android:background="#111"/></android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>这个布局文件示范了一些重要的布局特征.
- 主要内容的视图(FrameLayout)必须是DrawLayout的第一个子元素, 因为导航抽屉是在主要内容视图的上面.
- 主要内容视图设置为匹配父视图的宽度和高度, 因为它代表了整个界面导航抽屉是隐藏的.
- 抽屉视图(ListView)必须指定其水平重力与android:layout_gravity属性。支持从右到左(RTL)语言,指定值与 "start" 代替 "left"(所以抽屉里出现在布局的右侧当布局是RTL时).
- 抽屉视图指定其宽度用dp单位和高度匹配父视图。抽屉里的宽度不能超过320 dp, 所以用户总是可以看到主要内容视图的一部分.
初始化抽屉列表
在你的Activity中, 第一件事就是初始化导航抽屉列表里面的元素, 你如何做取决于你的应用程序的内容,但一个导航抽屉通常包括一个ListView, 因此清单应该由一个Adapter填充(例如ArrayAdapter或SimpleCursorAdapter).例如, 这里演示了如何用String array来初始化一个导航列表.
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private String[] mPlanetTitles; private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout; private ListView mDrawerList; ... @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array); mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer); // Set the adapter for the list view mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.drawer_list_item, mPlanetTitles)); // Set the list's click listener mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener()); ... }}这个代码调用setOnItemClickListener()去接收导航抽屉列表的点击事件. 下一节将展示如何实现这个接口,当用户选择一个Item时改变内容视图.处理导航点击事件
当用户选择了抽屉列表里面的一个Item时, 系统调用onItemClickListener上的onItemClick(), 给setOnItemClickListener().你在onItemClick()方法里面做什么, 取决于你的app实现的结构. 在下面的例子中, 选择每一个Item都会在主要内容的布局中插入一个不同的Fragment.
private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) { selectItem(position); }}/** Swaps fragments in the main content view */private void selectItem(int position) { // Create a new fragment and specify the planet to show based on position Fragment fragment = new PlanetFragment(); Bundle args = new Bundle(); args.putInt(PlanetFragment.ARG_PLANET_NUMBER, position); fragment.setArguments(args); // Insert the fragment by replacing any existing fragment FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager(); fragmentManager.beginTransaction() .replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment) .commit(); // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the drawer mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true); setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]); mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);}@Overridepublic void setTitle(CharSequence title) { mTitle = title; getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);}监听打开和关闭事件
侦听抽屉打开和关闭事件,调用你的DrawerLayout setDrawerListener(), 并将其传递给DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的实现. 这个接口提供了回调抽屉事件, 如onDrawerOpened()和onDrawerClosed ()。然而, 相对于实现DrawerLayout.DrawerListener, 如果你的Activity包括工具栏, 可以代替继承ActionBarDrawerToggle类. ActionBarDrawerToggle实现了DrawerLayout.DrawerListener. 所以你仍然可以覆盖这些回调, 但它也有助于正确的交互行为, 在工具栏的图标和导航抽屉之间(下一节将进一步讨论)。
就像在导航抽屉设计指南一样,当抽屉是可见的时候, 你应该修改工具栏的内容, 如改变标题和删除操作Item. 下面的代码用ActionBarDrawerToggle类的一个实例, 显示了如何重写DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的回调方法:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout; private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle; private CharSequence mDrawerTitle; private CharSequence mTitle; ... @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ... mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle(); mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout, R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open, R.string.drawer_close) { /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */ public void onDrawerClosed(View view) { super.onDrawerClosed(view); getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */ public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) { super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView); getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle); invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu() } }; // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle); } /* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */ @Override public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view boolean drawerOpen = mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList); menu.findItem(R.id.action_websearch).setVisible(!drawerOpen); return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu); }}下一节描述ActionBarDrawerToggle构造函数参数和其他所需的步骤来设置它来处理工具栏的图标.
打开关闭应用图标
用户可以打开和关闭导航抽屉, 通过手指从屏幕左侧的边缘滑动, 但如果你使用工具栏, 你应该也能允许用户打开和关闭它, 通过触摸应用程序图标. 应用程序图标也可以显示一个特殊的图标关于导航抽屉的状态. 你可以实现所有这些行为通过使用ActionBarDrawerToggle, 如前一节所示。让ActionBarDrawerToggle工作, 创建一个它的实例用它的构造方法, 这就需要以下参数:
- 持有抽屉的Activity.
- DrawerLayout对象.
- 一个Drawable资源作为抽屉指示器.
- 字符串资源描述"打开抽屉"动作.
- 字符串资源描述"关闭抽屉"动作.
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout; private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle; ... public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ... mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle( this, /* host Activity */ mDrawerLayout, /* DrawerLayout object */ R.drawable.ic_drawer, /* nav drawer icon to replace 'Up' caret */ R.string.drawer_open, /* "open drawer" description */ R.string.drawer_close /* "close drawer" description */ ) { /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */ public void onDrawerClosed(View view) { super.onDrawerClosed(view); getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle); } /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */ public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) { super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView); getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle); } }; // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle); getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); } @Override protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState); // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred. mDrawerToggle.syncState(); } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) { return true; } // Handle your other action bar items... return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } ...}
官方Demo请在这里下载（免积分）