本文围绕以下三个部分展开:
一、Menu 菜单
二、一个案例
1、主界面
2、Options menu 选项菜单
3、Context menu 上下文菜单
4、Contextual Action Bar(CAB) 上下文操作栏
5、Popup menu 弹出菜单
附 代码补充
一、Menu 菜单
关于菜单:
3.0 开始 android 取消了实体的菜单按钮,引入了操作栏(Action Bar)
5.0 将操作栏更名为应用栏(App Bar),有以下四种形式的菜单:
(1)选项菜单(Options menu)
(2)上下文菜单(Context menu)
(3)上下文操作栏(Contextual Action Bar)
(4)弹出菜单(Popup menu)
二、一个案例
1、主界面
(1)activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/listView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </RelativeLayout>
(2)MainActivity
package com.android.menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ListView listView; private String[] data = {"选项菜单(Options menu)", "上下文菜单(Context menu)", "Contextual Action Bar(CAB)", "弹出菜单(Popup menu)"}; private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter; private Class[] items = {OptionsActivity.class, ContextActivity.class, CabActivity.class, PopupActivity.class}; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 设置导航图标 getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getActionBar().setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_menu_white_24dp); listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView); adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item, R.id.tvItem, data); listView.setAdapter(adapter); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, longid) { startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(), items[position])); } }); } }
2、Options menu 选项菜单
右上角三个菜单依次是:排序、新增、更多菜单。当点击右上角的三个点的菜单后,会出现下面3项:
当点击“设置”时,界面弹出“设置操作...”:
当点击排序菜单时,界面出现排序菜单:
当点击“隐藏排序”时,排序菜单会隐藏不见:
当再点击“显示排序”时,排序菜单会出现:
(1)menu_options.xml
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context="com.android.menu.OptionsActivity"> <!-- item 节点:菜单一个选项 id:菜单 id (唯一) orderInCategory:id索引值 (从小到大加载) showAsAction:在 应用栏 显示方式 title:菜单文本 --> <item android:id="@+id/action_settings" android:orderInCategory="100" android:showAsAction="never" android:title="@string/action_settings"/> <item android:id="@+id/action_exit" android:orderInCategory="101" android:showAsAction="never" android:title="@string/action_exit"/> <!-- id: 标识符 --> <!-- icon: 图标 --> <!-- title: (无图标时)显示的文字 --> <!-- showAsAction: 是否显示在操作栏 --> <!-- visible: 是否可见,默认 true --> <!-- enabled: 是否可用,默认 true--> <!-- orderInCategory: 序号,数值越小越靠前 --> <item android:id="@+id/action_new" android:enabled="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_new" android:orderInCategory="102" android:showAsAction="always" android:title="@string/action_new" android:visible="true" /> <!-- checkableBehavior: single(单选)、all(多选)、none(不可选) --> <!-- checkable: 是否可选 --> <!-- checked: 是否选中 --> <item android:id="@+id/action_sort" android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_sort_by_size" android:showAsAction="ifRoom" android:title="排序"> <menu> <group android:id="@+id/group_sort" android:checkableBehavior="single"> <item android:id="@+id/action_sort_abc" android:checked="true" android:title="字母顺序" /> <item android:id="@+id/action_sort_desc" android:title="从大到小" /> <item android:id="@+id/action_sort_asc" android:title="从小到大" /> <item android:id="@+id/action_sort_time" android:title="最后修改" /> </group> </menu> </item> <item android:id="@+id/action_hide_sort" android:showAsAction="never" android:orderInCategory="99" android:title="隐藏排序" /> </menu>
(2)OptionsActivity
package com.android.menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.Toast; /** * 选项菜单 Options Menu */ public class OptionsActivity extends Activity { private boolean isHideSort = false; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_options); } /** * 1. 创建 选项菜单 * * @param menu * @return */ @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // 填充菜单 this.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_options, menu); return true; } /** * 2. 预处理 选项菜单 * * @param menu * @return */ @Override public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // 修改菜单项的标题 menu.findItem(R.id.action_hide_sort).setTitle( isHideSort ? "显示排序" : "隐藏排序"); // 设置菜单是否可见(开始是可见的) menu.findItem(R.id.action_sort).setVisible(!isHideSort); // 设置组可见 menu.setGroupVisible(R.id.group_sort, !isHideSort); // 设置组是否可选 menu.setGroupCheckable(R.id.group_sort, true, true); // 设置组是否可用 menu.setGroupEnabled(R.id.group_sort, true); return true; } /** * 3. 选中 选项菜单的事件 * * @param item * @return */ @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // 设置菜单项的视觉行为 if (R.id.group_sort == item.getGroupId()) { // 该组的 checkableBehavior 为单选 item.setChecked(true); return true; } String text = ""; switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_settings: text = "设置操作..."; Toast.makeText(this, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; case R.id.action_exit: // 关闭 this.finish(); return true; case R.id.action_hide_sort: isHideSort = !isHideSort; // 让菜单重新创建 // 会调用 onCreateOptionMenu 和 onPrepareOptionsMenu 方法 invalidateOptionsMenu(); return true; } return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } /** * 4. 关闭选项菜单 */ @Override public void closeOptionsMenu() { super.closeOptionsMenu(); } }
3、Context menu 上下文菜单
(1)activity_context.xml :
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.android.menu.ContextActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/listView_cm" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </RelativeLayout>
(2)menu_context.xml :
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context="com.android.menu.ContextActivity"> <item android:id="@+id/action_copy" android:title="复制"/> <item android:id="@+id/action_paste" android:title="粘贴"/> <item android:id="@+id/action_delete" android:title="删除"/> </menu>
(3)ContextActivity :
package com.android.menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.ContextMenu; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 上下文菜单 Context Menu */ public class ContextActivity extends Activity { private ListView listView; private List<String> data = new ArrayList<>(); private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter; private int position; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_context); for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) { data.add("数据项 " + i); } listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView_cm); adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data); listView.setAdapter(adapter); // 3. 注册上下文菜单,调用 onCreateContextMenu registerForContextMenu(listView); // 3.1 注销上下文菜单(一般不会用:既然用了上下文菜单,就不会去注销) //unregisterForContextMenu(listView); } /** * 1. 创建 上下文菜单 * * @param menu * @param v * @param menuInfo */ @Override public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) { this.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_context, menu); // 设置图标和文本 menu.setHeaderIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_edit); menu.setHeaderTitle("操作:"); // 菜单信息:targetView、position,id AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo) menuInfo; // 列表中触发长按事件(弹出菜单)的位置 position = info.position; } /** * 2. 上下文菜单 选项事件 * * @param item * @return */ @Override public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_copy: doOperator("复制"); break; case R.id.action_paste: doOperator("粘贴"); break; case R.id.action_delete: doOperator("删除"); break; } return true; } private void doOperator(String text) { // 显示被点击按钮下标的值 Toast.makeText(this, text + " " + data.get(position), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } /** * 4. 关闭 上下文菜单 * * @param menu */ @Override public void onContextMenuClosed(Menu menu) { super.onContextMenuClosed(menu); } }
4、Contextual Action Bar(CAB) 上下文操作栏
(1)activity_cab.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.android.menu.CabActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/listView_cab" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </RelativeLayout>
(2)menu_cab.xml
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context="com.android.menu.CabActivity"> <item android:id="@+id/action_cab_copy" android:title="复制"/> <item android:id="@+id/action_cab_delete" android:title="删除"/> </menu>
(3)
package com.android.menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.util.SparseBooleanArray; import android.view.ActionMode; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.AbsListView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import java.util.ArrayList; public class CabActivity extends Activity { private ListView listView; private ArrayList<String> data = new ArrayList<String>(); private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_cab); for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) { data.add("数据项 " + i); } listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView_cab); // 模版需要有选中状态(activated) adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, data); listView.setAdapter(adapter); // 设置选择模式 listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE_MODAL); // 设置多选监听器 listView.setMultiChoiceModeListener(new AbsListView.MultiChoiceModeListener() { @Override public void onItemCheckedStateChanged(ActionMode mode, int position, long id, boolean checked) { // 2. 获得选中的总数 int count = listView.getCheckedItemCount(); // 2.1 设置标题 (显示有几个选中了) mode.setTitle(String.valueOf(count)); } @Override public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) { // 1. 创建菜单 getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_cab, menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) { return false; } // 3. @Override public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) { // 获得选中的多项【稀疏数组】 SparseBooleanArray array = listView.getCheckedItemPositions(); switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_cab_copy: // {2=true, 4=true, 5=true}................ Log.v("MENU", array.toString() + "................"); //适用于有 ID 的数据 //long[] ids = listView.getCheckedItemIds(); break; case R.id.action_cab_delete: for (int i = array.size() - 1; i > -1; i--) { // {2=true, 4=true, 5=true} 分割开 // 获得选中的下标 int position = array.keyAt(i); // 删除数据中的指定元素(之前被选中的元素) data.remove(position); } break; } //通知视图改变 adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); // 结束CAB模式,调用 onDestoryActionMode 方法 mode.finish(); return true; } @Override public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) { } }); } }
5、Popup menu 弹出菜单
(1)activity_popup.xml :
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.android.menu.PopupActivity"> <Button android:id="@+id/button_popupMenu" style="@android:style/Widget.DeviceDefault.Button.Borderless" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:drawablePadding="8dp" android:drawableRight="@drawable/ic_more_vert_grey600_16dp" android:onClick="onClick"/> </RelativeLayout>
(2)menu_popup.xml :
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context="com.android.menu.PopupActivity"> <item android:id="@+id/action_pop_edit" android:title="编辑"/> <item android:id="@+id/action_pop_remove" android:title="删除"/> </menu>
(3)PopupActivity :
package com.android.menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.PopupMenu; public class PopupActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_popup); } public void onClick(View view) { // 创建弹出菜单 // 参数一:上下文 // 参数二:菜单的锚 PopupMenu menu = new PopupMenu(this, view); // 加载菜单文件 menu.inflate(R.menu.menu_popup); // 添加菜单项点击监听器 menu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() { @Override public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.action_pop_edit: Log.v("MENU", "修改......"); break; case R.id.action_pop_remove: Log.v("MENU", "删除......"); break; } return true; } }); // 添加菜单消失时的监听器【点击菜单项或其他区域,菜单会消失】 menu.setOnDismissListener(new PopupMenu.OnDismissListener() { @Override public void onDismiss(PopupMenu menu) { } }); // 显示菜单 menu.show(); } }
附 代码补充
1. style.xml(v21) :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <style name="AppTheme" parent="android:Theme.Material.Light"> <item name="android:colorPrimaryDark">@android:color/holo_blue_dark</item> <item name="android:colorPrimary">@android:color/holo_blue_light</item> <item name="android:navigationBarColor">@android:color/transparent</item> </style> </resources>
2. strings.xml :
<resources> <string name="app_name">Menu</string> <string name="title_activity_options">选项菜单</string> <string name="title_activity_context">上下文菜单</string> <string name="title_activity_popup">弹出式菜单</string> <string name="title_activity_cab">上下文操作栏</string> <string name="action_settings">设置</string> <string name="action_exit">退出</string> <string name="action_new">新建</string> </resources>
3. AndroidManifest.xml :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest package="com.android.menu" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".OptionsActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_options" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/> <activity android:name=".ContextActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_context" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/> <activity android:name=".CabActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_cab" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/> <activity android:name=".PopupActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_popup" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/> </application> </manifest>