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Android GUI之View丈量

热度:45   发布时间:2016-04-27 23:39:49.0
Android GUI之View测量

  在上篇文章(http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/p/4607599.html#gui)中,根据源码探索了View的绘制过程,过程有三个主要步骤,分别为测量、布局、绘制。系统对绘制已经做了很好的封装,我们主要对测量和布局过程进行分析,看一看android是如何对view进行测量和布局的。

  根据上篇文章的分析,我们知道在ViewRootImpl的performMeasure方法中,实际上调用了mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);方法。根据源码我们找到了该方法的原型,此方法在View类中,并且是final方法,不可被子类重写,方法的具体源码如下:

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {          ……        }        // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes        long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;        if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {           ……            if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {                // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;            } else {                long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);                // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed                setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);                mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;            }……            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;        }        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;        mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |                (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension    }

  根据方法内容和说明,可以知道本方法就是用来测量View的大小的,而需要的两个参数是由父View构建的,用于说明父View对子View的测量的规格要求,实际上在这个方法中真正完成测量大小的是方法onMeasure,此方法我们稍后分析。在此之前我们先要明白measure方法中的两个参数的含义,刚才有提到参数是父View对子View的测量规格要求,那么Android是如何描述的呢,这里用到了一个类MeasureSpec,此类为View中的一个内部类,关键源码如下:

public static class MeasureSpec {        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;        public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {            if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {                return size + mode;            } else {                return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);            }        }        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);        }        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);        }      ……}

  根据SDK,此类封装了父View对子View的布局要求,每个实例都代表了对子View的高度或者宽度的要求,测量要求包含两个部分,分别为尺寸和模式。模式主要由三种,具体如下:

1、  UNSPECIFIED:代表父View对子View没有约束,子View可以为任意大小。

2、  EXACTLY:父View确定子View的大小,子View被限定在给定的边界中,忽咯本身的大小。

3、  AT_MOST:子View最大可以达到指定大小的值。

  该类中提供了用来计算和生成测量要求的方法,具体如下:

1、  public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode),此方法最终生成一个32位二进制数用来表明测量规格要求,其中32和31位用来表明模式,后30位代表了大小。

2、  public static int getMode(int measureSpec),此方法可以根据测量说明,计算模式。

3、  public static int getSize(int measureSpec),此方法根据测量说明,计算大小。

  明白了MeasureSpec,我们在回过头来,看一看onMeasure方法,该方法的源码如下:

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));}

  此方法的默认实现非常简单,调用了setMeasuredDimersion方法将测量好的尺寸保存到mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight。而在setMeasuredDimersion方法中调用了getDefaultSize用来计算,该方法具体如下:

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {        int result = size;        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);        switch (specMode) {        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            result = size;            break;        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            result = specSize;            break;        }        return result;    }

  很明显,此方法根据提供的默认大小和测量要求计算View的实际大小。到此为止,View完了测量过程。不过大多数情况下,当我们自定义ViewGroup的时候,我们需要重写onMeasure方法,在此方法中,可以遍历所有的子View并要求他们对自己的大小进行测量,同时不要忘记调用setMeasuredDimension进行保存测量结果,在ViewGroup是通过如下三个方法实现的,关键代码如下:

  方法mesureChildren,遍历所有的非隐藏的子View,并调用measureChild方法设置子View的测量要求。

protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        final int size = mChildrenCount;        final View[] children = mChildren;        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {            final View child = children[i];            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);            }        }}

  方法measureChild,获取子View的测量规格,并调用measure进行测量实际大小。

protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);}

  方法getChildMeasureSpec用于获取View的测量规格要求。

    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);        int resultSize = 0;        int resultMode = 0;        switch (specMode) {        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... so be it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should                // be                resultSize = 0;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how                // big it should be                resultSize = 0;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            }            break;        }        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);    }

 

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作者:杰瑞教育
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/ 
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