本文转自:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/9526203
照片墙这种功能现在应该算是挺常见了,在很多应用中你都可以经常看到照片墙的身影。它的设计思路其实也非常简单,用一个GridView控件当作“墙”,然后随着GridView的滚动将一张张照片贴在“墙”上,这些照片可以是手机本地中存储的,也可以是从网上下载的。制作类似于这种的功能的应用,有一个非常重要的问题需要考虑,就是图片资源何时应该释放。因为随着GridView的滚动,加载的图片可能会越来越多,如果没有一种合理的机制对图片进行释放,那么当图片达到一定上限时,程序就必然会崩溃。
今天我们照片墙应用的实现,重点也是放在了如何防止由于图片过多导致程序崩溃上面。主要的核心算法使用了Android中提供的LruCache类,这个类是3.1版本中提供的,如果你是在更早的Android版本中开发,则需要导入android-support-v4的jar包。
关于LruCache用法的详细讲解,可以参考Android高效加载大图、多图方案,有效避免程序OOM。
那我们开始动手吧,新建一个Android项目,起名叫PhotoWallDemo,这里我使用的是Android 4.0的API。
第一个要考虑的问题就是,我们从哪儿去收集这么多的图片呢?这里我从谷歌官方提供的Demo里将图片源取了出来,我们就从这些网址中下载图片,代码如下所示:
- public?class?Images?{??
- ??
- ????public?final?static?String[]?imageThumbUrls?=?new?String[]?{??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-55osAWw3x0Q/URquUtcFr5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/rWlj1RUKrYI/s160-c/A%252520Photographer.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--dq8niRp7W4/URquVgmXvgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/-gnuLQfNnBA/s160-c/A%252520Song%252520of%252520Ice%252520and%252520Fire.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7qZeDtRKFKc/URquWZT1gOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hqWgteyNXsg/s160-c/Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--L0Km39l5J8/URquXHGcdNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3ZrSJNrSomQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Butte.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8HO-4vIFnlw/URquZnsFgtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/WT8jViTF7vw/s160-c/Antelope%252520Hallway.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WIuWgVcU3Qw/URqubRVcj4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/YvbwgGjwdIQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Walls.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-UBmLbPELvoQ/URqucCdv0kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IdNhr2VQoQs/s160-c/Apre%2525CC%252580s%252520la%252520Pluie.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-s-AFpvgSeew/URquc6dF-JI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Mt3xNGRUd68/s160-c/Backlit%252520Cloud.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bvmif9a9YOQ/URquea3heHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/rcr6wyeQtAo/s160-c/Bee%252520and%252520Flower.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-n7mdm7I7FGs/URqueT_BT-I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9MYmXlmpSAo/s160-c/Bonzai%252520Rock%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-4CN4X4t0M1k/URqufPozWzI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8wK41lg1KPs/s160-c/Caterpillar.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-rrFnVC8xQEg/URqufdrLBaI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s69WYy_fl1E/s160-c/Chess.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WVpRptWH8Yw/URqugh-QmDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/E-MgBgtlUWU/s160-c/Chihuly.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-0BDXkYmckbo/URquhKFW84I/AAAAAAAAAbs/ogQtHCTk2JQ/s160-c/Closed%252520Door.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-PyggXXZRykM/URquh-kVvoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hFtDwhtrHHQ/s160-c/Colorado%252520River%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZAs4dNZtALc/URquikvOCWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/DXz4h3dll1Y/s160-c/Colors%252520of%252520Autumn.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-GztnWEIiMz8/URqukVCU7bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jo2Hjv6MZ6M/s160-c/Countryside.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-bEg9EZ9QoiM/URquklz3FGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/UUuv8Ac2BaE/s160-c/Death%252520Valley%252520-%252520Dunes.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ijQJ8W68tEE/URqulGkvFEI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zPXvIwi_rFw/s160-c/Delicate%252520Arch.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Oh8mMy2ieng/URqullDwehI/AAAAAAAAAbs/TbdeEfsaIZY/s160-c/Despair.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gl0y4UiAOlk/URqumC_KjBI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PM1eT7dn4oo/s160-c/Eagle%252520Fall%252520Sunrise.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hYYHd2_vXPQ/URqumtJa9eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/wAalXVkbSh0/s160-c/Electric%252520Storm.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-PyY_yiyjPTo/URqunUOhHFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/azZoULNuJXc/s160-c/False%252520Kiva.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PYvLVdvXywk/URqunwd8hfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qiMwgkFvf6I/s160-c/Fitzgerald%252520Streaks.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-KIR_UobIIqY/URquoCZ9SlI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Y4d4q8sXu4c/s160-c/Foggy%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-9lzOk_OWZH0/URquoo4xYoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/AwgzHtNVCwU/s160-c/Frantic.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-0X3JNaKaz48/URqupH78wpI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lHXxu_zbH8s/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Afternoon.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-95sb5ag7ABc/URqupl95RDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g73R20iVTRA/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Fog.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-JB9v6rtgHhk/URqup21F-zI/AAAAAAAAAbs/64Fb8qMZWXk/s160-c/Golden%252520Grass.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-EIBGfnuLtII/URquqVHwaRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/FA4McV2u8VE/s160-c/Grand%252520Teton.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WoMxZvmN9nY/URquq1v2AoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/grj5uMhL6NA/s160-c/Grass%252520Closeup.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-6hZiEHXx64Q/URqurxvNdqI/AAAAAAAAAbs/kWMXM3o5OVI/s160-c/Green%252520Grass.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-6LVb9OXtQ60/URquteBFuKI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4F4kRgecwFs/s160-c/Hanging%252520Leaf.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-zAvf__52ONk/URqutT_IuxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/D_bcuc0thoU/s160-c/Highway%2525201.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-H4SrUg615rA/URquuL27fXI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4aEqJfiMsOU/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JhFi4fb_Pqw/URquuX-QXbI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IXpYUxuweYM/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-UGgssvFRJ7g/URquueyJzGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/yYIBlLT0toM/s160-c/Into%252520the%252520Blue.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-CH7KoupI7uI/URquu0FF__I/AAAAAAAAAbs/R7GDmI7v_G0/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525202.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-pwuuw6yhg8U/URquvPxR3FI/AAAAAAAAAbs/VNGk6f-tsGE/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525203.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-GoUQVw1fnFw/URquv6xbC0I/AAAAAAAAAbs/zEUVTQQ43Zc/s160-c/Kauai.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8QdYYQEpYjw/URquwvdh88I/AAAAAAAAAbs/cktDy-ysfHo/s160-c/Kyoto%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vPeekyDjOE0/URquwzJ28qI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qxcyXULsZrg/s160-c/Lake%252520Tahoe%252520Colors.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-xBPxWpD4yxU/URquxWHk8AI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ARDPeDYPiMY/s160-c/Lava%252520from%252520the%252520Sky.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-897VXrJB6RE/URquxxxd-5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/j-Cz4T4YvIw/s160-c/Leica%25252050mm%252520Summilux.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-qSJ4D4iXzGo/URquyDWiJ1I/AAAAAAAAAbs/k2pBXeWehOA/s160-c/Leica%25252050mm%252520Summilux.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-dwlPg83vzLg/URquylTVuFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/G6SyQ8b4YsI/s160-c/Leica%252520M8%252520%252528Front%252529.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-R3_EYAyJvfk/URquzQBv8eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/b9xhpUM3pEI/s160-c/Light%252520to%252520Sand.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-fHY5h67QPi0/URqu0Cp4J1I/AAAAAAAAAbs/0lG6m94Z6vM/s160-c/Little%252520Bit%252520of%252520Paradise.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-TzF_LwrCnRM/URqu0RddPOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/gaj2dLiuX0s/s160-c/Lone%252520Pine%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4HdpJ4_DXU4/URqu046dJ9I/AAAAAAAAAbs/eBOodtk2_uk/s160-c/Lonely%252520Rock.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-erbF--z-W4s/URqu1ajSLkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/xjDCDO1INzM/s160-c/Longue%252520Vue.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-0CXJRdJaqvc/URqu1opNZNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PFB2oPUU7Lk/s160-c/Look%252520Me%252520in%252520the%252520Eye.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-D_5lNxnDN6g/URqu2Tk7HVI/AAAAAAAAAbs/p0ddca9W__Y/s160-c/Lost%252520in%252520a%252520Field.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-flsqwMrIk2Q/URqu24PcmjI/AAAAAAAAAbs/5ocIH85XofM/s160-c/Marshall%252520Beach%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Y4lgryEVTmU/URqu28kG3gI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OjXpekqtbJ4/s160-c/Mono%252520Lake%252520Blue.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-AaHAJPmcGYA/URqu3PIldHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lcTqk1SIcRs/s160-c/Monument%252520Valley%252520Overlook.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vKxfdQ83dQA/URqu31Yq_BI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OUoGk_2AyfM/s160-c/Moving%252520Rock.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-CG62QiPpWXg/URqu4ia4vRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/0YOdqLAlcAc/s160-c/Napali%252520Coast.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wdGrP5PMmJQ/URqu5PZvn7I/AAAAAAAAAbs/m0abEcdPXe4/s160-c/One%252520Wheel.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-6WS5DoCGuOA/URqu5qx1UgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/giMw2ixPvrY/s160-c/Open%252520Sky.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-u8EHKj8G8GQ/URqu55sM6yI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lIXX_GlTdmI/s160-c/Orange%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-74Z5qj4bTDE/URqu6LSrJrI/AAAAAAAAAbs/XzmVkw90szQ/s160-c/Orchid.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-lEQE4h6TePE/URqu6t_lSkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zvGYKOea_qY/s160-c/Over%252520there.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-cauH-53JH2M/URqu66v_USI/AAAAAAAAAbs/EucwwqclfKQ/s160-c/Plumes.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-eDLT2jHDoy4/URqu7axzkAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/iVZE-xJ7lZs/s160-c/Rainbokeh.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-j1NLqEFIyco/URqu8L1CGcI/AAAAAAAAAbs/aqZkgX66zlI/s160-c/Rainbow.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-DRnqmK0t4VU/URqu8XYN9yI/AAAAAAAAAbs/LgvF_592WLU/s160-c/Rice%252520Fields.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hwh1v3EOGcQ/URqu8qOaKwI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IljRJRnbJGw/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Fire%252520Sky.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-wjV6FQk7tlk/URqu9jCQ8sI/AAAAAAAAAbs/RyYUpdo-c9o/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Flow.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-6cAXNfo7D20/URqu-BdzgPI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OmsYllzJqwo/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Sunset%252520Sky.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-sl8fpGPS-RE/URqu_BOkfgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Dg2Fv-JxOeg/s160-c/Russian%252520Ridge%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-gVtY36mMBIg/URqu_q91lkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3CiFMBcy5MA/s160-c/Rust%252520Knot.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GHeImuHqJBE/URqu_FKfVLI/AAAAAAAAAbs/axuEJeqam7Q/s160-c/Sailing%252520Stones.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hBbYZjTOwGc/URqu_ycpIrI/AAAAAAAAAbs/nAdJUXnGJYE/s160-c/Seahorse.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Iwi6-i6IexY/URqvAYZHsVI/AAAAAAAAAbs/5ETWl4qXsFE/s160-c/Shinjuku%252520Street.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-amhnySTM_MY/URqvAlb5KoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/pFCFgzlKsn0/s160-c/Sierra%252520Heavens.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dJgjepFrYSo/URqvBVJZrAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/v-F5QWpYO6s/s160-c/Sierra%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Z4zGiC5nWdc/URqvBdEwivI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ZRZR1VJ84QA/s160-c/Sin%252520Lights.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_0cYiWW8ccY/URqvBz3iM4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9N_Wq8MhLTY/s160-c/Starry%252520Lake.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-A9LMoRyuQUA/URqvCYx_JoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s7sde1Bz9cI/s160-c/Starry%252520Night.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-KtLJ3k858eY/URqvC_2h_bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zzEBImwDA_g/s160-c/Stream.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dFB7Lad6RcA/URqvDUftwWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/BrhoUtXTN7o/s160-c/Strip%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-at6apgFiN20/URqvDyffUZI/AAAAAAAAAbs/clABCx171bE/s160-c/Sunset%252520Hills.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-7-EHhtQthII/URqvEYTk4vI/AAAAAAAAAbs/QSJZoB3YjVg/s160-c/Tenaya%252520Lake%2525202.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8MrjV_a-Pok/URqvFC5repI/AAAAAAAAAbs/9inKTg9fbCE/s160-c/Tenaya%252520Lake.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-B1HW-z4zwao/URqvFWYRwUI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8Peli53Bs8I/s160-c/The%252520Cave%252520BW.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-PO4E-xZKAnQ/URqvGRqjYkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/42nyADFsXag/s160-c/The%252520Fisherman.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-iLyZlzfdy7s/URqvG0YScdI/AAAAAAAAAbs/1J9eDKmkXtk/s160-c/The%252520Night%252520is%252520Coming.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-G-k7YkkUco0/URqvHhah6fI/AAAAAAAAAbs/_taQQG7t0vo/s160-c/The%252520Road.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-h-ALJt7kSus/URqvIThqYfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ejiv35olWS8/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Heights.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Hy9k-TbS7xg/URqvIjQMOxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/RSpmmOATSkg/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Highway.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-83oOvMb4OZs/URqvJL0T7lI/AAAAAAAAAbs/c5TECZ6RONM/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Smog.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-FB-jfgREEfI/URqvJI3EXAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/XfyweiRF4v8/s160-c/Tufa%252520at%252520Night.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vngKD5Z1U8w/URqvJUCEgPI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ulxCMVcU6EU/s160-c/Valley%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-DOz5I2E2oMQ/URqvKMND1kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Iqf0IsInleo/s160-c/Windmill%252520Sunrise.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-biyiyWcJ9MU/URqvKculiAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jyPsCplJOpE/s160-c/Windmill.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-PDT167_xRdA/URqvK36mLcI/AAAAAAAAAbs/oi2ik9QseMI/s160-c/Windmills.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-kI_QdYx7VlU/URqvLXCB6gI/AAAAAAAAAbs/N31vlZ6u89o/s160-c/Yet%252520Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg",??
- ????????????"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-e9NHZ5k5MSs/URqvMIBZjtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/1fV810rDNfQ/s160-c/Yosemite%252520Tree.jpg",?};??
- }??
图片源已经有了,现在我们就该考虑在哪里放置这些图片了。新建或打开activity_main.xml作为程序的主布局,加入如下代码:
- <LinearLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ????xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"??
- ????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????android:layout_height="wrap_content"?>??
- ??????
- ????<GridView???
- ????????android:id="@+id/photo_wall"??
- ????????android:layout_width="match_parent"??
- ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:columnWidth="90dip"??
- ????????android:stretchMode="columnWidth"??
- ????????android:numColumns="auto_fit"??
- ????????android:verticalSpacing="10dip"??
- ????????android:gravity="center"??
- ????????></GridView>??
- ??????
- </LinearLayout>??
?
可以看到,我们在这个布局文件中仅加入了一个GridView,这也就是我们程序中的“墙”,所有的图片都将贴在这个“墙”上。
接着我们定义GridView中每一个子View的布局,新建一个photo_layout.xml布局,加入如下代码:
- <RelativeLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ????xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"??
- ????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????android:layout_height="wrap_content"?>??
- ??
- ????<ImageView???
- ????????android:id="@+id/photo"??
- ????????android:layout_width="90dip"??
- ????????android:layout_height="90dip"??
- ????????android:src="@drawable/empty_photo"??
- ????????android:layout_centerInParent="true"??
- ????????/>??
- ??
- </RelativeLayout>??
在每一个子View中我们就简单使用了一个ImageView来显示一张图片。这样所有的布局就已经定义好了。
?
接下来新建PhotoWallAdapter做为GridView的适配器,代码如下所示:
- public?class?PhotoWallAdapter?extends?ArrayAdapter<String>?implements?OnScrollListener?{??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?记录所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?Set<BitmapWorkerTask>?taskCollection;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?图片缓存技术的核心类,用于缓存所有下载好的图片,在程序内存达到设定值时会将最少最近使用的图片移除掉。?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?LruCache<String,?Bitmap>?mMemoryCache;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?GridView的实例?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?GridView?mPhotoWall;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?第一张可见图片的下标?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?int?mFirstVisibleItem;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?一屏有多少张图片可见?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?int?mVisibleItemCount;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?记录是否刚打开程序,用于解决进入程序不滚动屏幕,不会下载图片的问题。?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?boolean?isFirstEnter?=?true;??
- ??
- ????public?PhotoWallAdapter(Context?context,?int?textViewResourceId,?String[]?objects,??
- ????????????GridView?photoWall)?{??
- ????????super(context,?textViewResourceId,?objects);??
- ????????mPhotoWall?=?photoWall;??
- ????????taskCollection?=?new?HashSet<BitmapWorkerTask>();??
- ????????//?获取应用程序最大可用内存??
- ????????int?maxMemory?=?(int)?Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();??
- ????????int?cacheSize?=?maxMemory?/?8;??
- ????????//?设置图片缓存大小为程序最大可用内存的1/8??
- ????????mMemoryCache?=?new?LruCache<String,?Bitmap>(cacheSize)?{??
- ????????????@Override??
- ????????????protected?int?sizeOf(String?key,?Bitmap?bitmap)?{??
- ????????????????return?bitmap.getByteCount();??
- ????????????}??
- ????????};??
- ????????mPhotoWall.setOnScrollListener(this);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????public?View?getView(int?position,?View?convertView,?ViewGroup?parent)?{??
- ????????final?String?url?=?getItem(position);??
- ????????View?view;??
- ????????if?(convertView?==?null)?{??
- ????????????view?=?LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.photo_layout,?null);??
- ????????}?else?{??
- ????????????view?=?convertView;??
- ????????}??
- ????????final?ImageView?photo?=?(ImageView)?view.findViewById(R.id.photo);??
- ????????//?给ImageView设置一个Tag,保证异步加载图片时不会乱序??
- ????????photo.setTag(url);??
- ????????setImageView(url,?photo);??
- ????????return?view;??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?给ImageView设置图片。首先从LruCache中取出图片的缓存,设置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中没有该图片的缓存,?
- ?????*?就给ImageView设置一张默认图片。?
- ?????*??
- ?????*?@param?imageUrl?
- ?????*????????????图片的URL地址,用于作为LruCache的键。?
- ?????*?@param?imageView?
- ?????*????????????用于显示图片的控件。?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?void?setImageView(String?imageUrl,?ImageView?imageView)?{??
- ????????Bitmap?bitmap?=?getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);??
- ????????if?(bitmap?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);??
- ????????}?else?{??
- ????????????imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo);??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?将一张图片存储到LruCache中。?
- ?????*??
- ?????*?@param?key?
- ?????*????????????LruCache的键,这里传入图片的URL地址。?
- ?????*?@param?bitmap?
- ?????*????????????LruCache的键,这里传入从网络上下载的Bitmap对象。?
- ?????*/??
- ????public?void?addBitmapToMemoryCache(String?key,?Bitmap?bitmap)?{??
- ????????if?(getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key)?==?null)?{??
- ????????????mMemoryCache.put(key,?bitmap);??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?从LruCache中获取一张图片,如果不存在就返回null。?
- ?????*??
- ?????*?@param?key?
- ?????*????????????LruCache的键,这里传入图片的URL地址。?
- ?????*?@return?对应传入键的Bitmap对象,或者null。?
- ?????*/??
- ????public?Bitmap?getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String?key)?{??
- ????????return?mMemoryCache.get(key);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????public?void?onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView?view,?int?scrollState)?{??
- ????????//?仅当GridView静止时才去下载图片,GridView滑动时取消所有正在下载的任务??
- ????????if?(scrollState?==?SCROLL_STATE_IDLE)?{??
- ????????????loadBitmaps(mFirstVisibleItem,?mVisibleItemCount);??
- ????????}?else?{??
- ????????????cancelAllTasks();??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????public?void?onScroll(AbsListView?view,?int?firstVisibleItem,?int?visibleItemCount,??
- ????????????int?totalItemCount)?{??
- ????????mFirstVisibleItem?=?firstVisibleItem;??
- ????????mVisibleItemCount?=?visibleItemCount;??
- ????????//?下载的任务应该由onScrollStateChanged里调用,但首次进入程序时onScrollStateChanged并不会调用,??
- ????????//?因此在这里为首次进入程序开启下载任务。??
- ????????if?(isFirstEnter?&&?visibleItemCount?>?0)?{??
- ????????????loadBitmaps(firstVisibleItem,?visibleItemCount);??
- ????????????isFirstEnter?=?false;??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?加载Bitmap对象。此方法会在LruCache中检查所有屏幕中可见的ImageView的Bitmap对象,?
- ?????*?如果发现任何一个ImageView的Bitmap对象不在缓存中,就会开启异步线程去下载图片。?
- ?????*??
- ?????*?@param?firstVisibleItem?
- ?????*????????????第一个可见的ImageView的下标?
- ?????*?@param?visibleItemCount?
- ?????*????????????屏幕中总共可见的元素数?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?void?loadBitmaps(int?firstVisibleItem,?int?visibleItemCount)?{??
- ????????try?{??
- ????????????for?(int?i?=?firstVisibleItem;?i?<?firstVisibleItem?+?visibleItemCount;?i++)?{??
- ????????????????String?imageUrl?=?Images.imageThumbUrls[i];??
- ????????????????Bitmap?bitmap?=?getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);??
- ????????????????if?(bitmap?==?null)?{??
- ????????????????????BitmapWorkerTask?task?=?new?BitmapWorkerTask();??
- ????????????????????taskCollection.add(task);??
- ????????????????????task.execute(imageUrl);??
- ????????????????}?else?{??
- ????????????????????ImageView?imageView?=?(ImageView)?mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);??
- ????????????????????if?(imageView?!=?null?&&?bitmap?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????????????????imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);??
- ????????????????????}??
- ????????????????}??
- ????????????}??
- ????????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{??
- ????????????e.printStackTrace();??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?取消所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。?
- ?????*/??
- ????public?void?cancelAllTasks()?{??
- ????????if?(taskCollection?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????for?(BitmapWorkerTask?task?:?taskCollection)?{??
- ????????????????task.cancel(false);??
- ????????????}??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?异步下载图片的任务。?
- ?????*??
- ?????*?@author?guolin?
- ?????*/??
- ????class?BitmapWorkerTask?extends?AsyncTask<String,?Void,?Bitmap>?{??
- ??
- ????????/**?
- ?????????*?图片的URL地址?
- ?????????*/??
- ????????private?String?imageUrl;??
- ??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????protected?Bitmap?doInBackground(String...?params)?{??
- ????????????imageUrl?=?params[0];??
- ????????????//?在后台开始下载图片??
- ????????????Bitmap?bitmap?=?downloadBitmap(params[0]);??
- ????????????if?(bitmap?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????????//?图片下载完成后缓存到LrcCache中??
- ????????????????addBitmapToMemoryCache(params[0],?bitmap);??
- ????????????}??
- ????????????return?bitmap;??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????protected?void?onPostExecute(Bitmap?bitmap)?{??
- ????????????super.onPostExecute(bitmap);??
- ????????????//?根据Tag找到相应的ImageView控件,将下载好的图片显示出来。??
- ????????????ImageView?imageView?=?(ImageView)?mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);??
- ????????????if?(imageView?!=?null?&&?bitmap?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????????imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);??
- ????????????}??
- ????????????taskCollection.remove(this);??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????????/**?
- ?????????*?建立HTTP请求,并获取Bitmap对象。?
- ?????????*??
- ?????????*?@param?imageUrl?
- ?????????*????????????图片的URL地址?
- ?????????*?@return?解析后的Bitmap对象?
- ?????????*/??
- ????????private?Bitmap?downloadBitmap(String?imageUrl)?{??
- ????????????Bitmap?bitmap?=?null;??
- ????????????HttpURLConnection?con?=?null;??
- ????????????try?{??
- ????????????????URL?url?=?new?URL(imageUrl);??
- ????????????????con?=?(HttpURLConnection)?url.openConnection();??
- ????????????????con.setConnectTimeout(5?*?1000);??
- ????????????????con.setReadTimeout(10?*?1000);??
- ????????????????bitmap?=?BitmapFactory.decodeStream(con.getInputStream());??
- ????????????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{??
- ????????????????e.printStackTrace();??
- ????????????}?finally?{??
- ????????????????if?(con?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????????????con.disconnect();??
- ????????????????}??
- ????????????}??
- ????????????return?bitmap;??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????}??
- ??
- }??
PhotoWallAdapter是整个照片墙程序中最关键的一个类了,这里我来重点给大家讲解一下。首先在PhotoWallAdapter的构造函数中,我们初始化了LruCache类,并设置了最大缓存容量为程序最大可用内存的1/8,接下来又为GridView注册了一个滚动监听器。然后在getView()方法中,我们为每个ImageView设置了一个唯一的Tag,这个Tag的作用是为了后面能够准确地找回这个ImageView,不然异步加载图片会出现乱序的情况。之后调用了setImageView()方法为ImageView设置一张图片,这个方法首先会从LruCache缓存中查找是否已经缓存了这张图片,如果成功找到则将缓存中的图片显示在ImageView上,否则就显示一张默认的空图片。
?
看了半天,那到底是在哪里下载图片的呢?这是在GridView的滚动监听器中进行的,在onScrollStateChanged()方法中,我们对GridView的滚动状态进行了判断,如果当前GridView是静止的,则调用loadBitmaps()方法去下载图片,如果GridView正在滚动,则取消掉所有下载任务,这样可以保证GridView滚动的流畅性。在loadBitmaps()方法中,我们为屏幕上所有可见的GridView子元素开启了一个线程去执行下载任务,下载成功后将图片存储到LruCache当中,然后通过Tag找到相应的ImageView控件,把下载好的图片显示出来。
由于我们使用了LruCache来缓存图片,所以不需要担心内存溢出的情况,当LruCache中存储图片的总大小达到容量上限的时候,会自动把最近最少使用的图片从缓存中移除。
最后新建或打开MainActivity作为程序的主Activity,代码如下所示:
- public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity?{??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?用于展示照片墙的GridView?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?GridView?mPhotoWall;??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?GridView的适配器?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?PhotoWallAdapter?adapter;??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);??
- ????????mPhotoWall?=?(GridView)?findViewById(R.id.photo_wall);??
- ????????adapter?=?new?PhotoWallAdapter(this,?0,?Images.imageThumbUrls,?mPhotoWall);??
- ????????mPhotoWall.setAdapter(adapter);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????protected?void?onDestroy()?{??
- ????????super.onDestroy();??
- ????????//?退出程序时结束所有的下载任务??
- ????????adapter.cancelAllTasks();??
- ????}??
- ??
- }??
MainActivity中的代码非常简单,没什么需要说明的了,在Activity被销毁时取消掉了所有的下载任务,避免程序在后台耗费流量。另外由于我们使用了网络功能,别忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中加入网络权限的声明。
?
现在可以运行一下程序了,效果如下图所示:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
可以看到,滚动照片墙,会异步加载图片到相应的ImageView上。随着加载图片的增多,会释放掉一些之前加载过的图片,你多滚动几次就可以看得出了。另外为了能让大家明显看出图片的释放情况,我在这个程序中没有使用本地缓存,所有被释放掉的图片再次显示需要从网络上再下载一遍。在实际的项目中配合适当的本地缓存效果会更好。
打开DDMS,我们可以发现,由于有LruCache帮我们管理图片缓存,不管如何滚动照片墙,程序内存始终会保持在一个合理的范围内。
本篇文章的重点在于如何对图片进行更好的回收,因此照片墙只是简单地使用GridView进行了展示,想要看更酷更炫的照片墙效果的朋友,可以参考我后面的一篇文章?Android瀑布流照片墙实现,体验不规则排列的美感?。
好了,今天的讲解到此结束,有疑问的朋友请在下面留言。